This seminar-style course is the second part of a three-course sequence, following the review of the British Middle School’s unique contributions to theory and technique, and elaborates upon the distinction between one-person, two-person, and contextual psychotherapies. This course provides advanced instruction and training in contemporary psychodynamic approaches to personality and psychotherapy and highlights the systemic theory that undergirds their development. An in-depth exploration of relational psychoanalysis that diverges from traditional psychoanalytic assumptions by considering contextual daily interactions and broader social and cultural dynamics, is presented. Extensive clinical material is used to illustrate how relational thinking explores the interface between mother-infant research, dynamic systems theory, trauma research, family therapy, and social learning theory, all of which are powerfully contextual in nature. In addition, implications for understanding spirituality from within this tradition are considered. Prerequisite: PPSY 763